The Common Cold: Symptoms, Course, and What Can Help

A cold, also known as a flu-like infection, is a usually harmless infection of the upper respiratory tract. It often affects the nose, throat, and bronchi.

Common symptoms include a runny nose, sore throat, cough, hoarseness, fatigue, and sometimes a mild fever. A cold usually begins gradually and subsides after a few days.

What is a cold?

A cold is usually caused by viruses. The pathogens infect the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and bronchi. The immune system responds with a defense reaction.

This leads to typical symptoms such as:

  • Cold
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Hoarseness
  • Sneezing
  • Fatigue
  • Limb pain
  • A feeling of pressure in the head
  • elevated temperature or mild fever

These symptoms may occur individually or in combination.

Cold or flu?

A cold usually develops gradually. It often starts with a scratchy throat, a runny nose, or sneezing. The symptoms are unpleasant, but often mild. In contrast, true flu often begins suddenly and is more severe. Typical symptoms include a high fever, severe headache and body aches, extreme fatigue, and a distinct feeling of being ill. If you suspect you have the flu or are experiencing severe symptoms, you should seek medical advice.

Learn More About the Flu

What is the course of a cold?

The course of the disease varies from person to person. However, a typical pattern often emerges:

  1. A scratchy throat, fatigue, or chills
  2. Runny nose, sneezing, and a stuffy nose
  3. Sore throat or hoarseness
  4. Cough, dry at first, later sometimes with phlegm
  5. gradual improvement

The symptoms usually subside after a few days. However, a cough may persist even after you start to feel better.

What helps with a cold?

Rest and Sleep

  • The body needs energy for its immune response. Getting enough sleep and taking it easy physically help the body recover.

Drink enough

  • Water and unsweetened teas help keep the mucous membranes moist. Warm drinks can be soothing for a scratchy throat and chills.

Caring for Mucous Membranes

  • Dry mucous membranes are more sensitive. Regular ventilation, keeping indoor air from getting too dry, and using saline nasal sprays can help.

Heat

  • Warmth can be soothing when you're feeling chilly, have a sore throat, or are generally unwell. It's important not to put any additional strain on your body.

Avoid irritants

  • Smoke, strong odors, dust, and very dry air can further irritate the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes.